We have introduced silvopasture onto our grass based dairy primarily to provide shade for our dairy cows, We also hope that, eventually, the improved honey locust will provide feed for the cows, by producing and dropping seed pods. We have planted our trees into permanent pasture, spacing our tree rows 60 ft. apart. The trees within the rows are spaced 20 ft. apart. Within the row, we used a pattern of 1 honey locust, 2 black locusts, 1 honey locust, 2 black locusts, etc., etc. The plan is for the black locusts to grow fast for quick shade, while the slower growing honey locusts develop. As the honey locusts get big enough to provide shade, we will begin to harvest the black locusts primarily as fence posts, but also as firewood and possibly lumber. Eventually, when all of the black locusts are harvested, we will be left with honey locusts on a roughly 60 ft. by 60 ft. grid pattern. And we hope the improved honey locust will be providing a significant amount of seed pods as feed for our cattle. We have used 6 ft. Plantra Tree Tubes to protect the trees, with an electric wire running across the top of the tree tubes and aluminum wire spiraling down around the tree tubes. This has worked well to protect the trees, while letting the cows pass thru the tree rows.